适值国际形势复杂多变和动荡不安的多事之秋，中国国家主席习近平在秘鲁利马出席APEC工商领导人峰会并发表《深化伙伴关系增强发展动力》的主旨演讲，在开放还是封闭、进步还是退步、坚持还是反对全球化等事关国际大是大非、世界何去何从的问题上及时发声。其四点主张为世界发展指明正确方向。

第一，明确方向，即“促进经济一体化，建设开放型经济”。开放是亚太经济的生命线，亚太亟待解决区域经济合作碎片化等挑战。习近平的讲话强调任何区域贸易安排要获得广泛支持，必须坚持开放、包容、普惠、共赢，应构建“平等协商、共同参与、普遍受益”的区域合作框架，封闭和排他性安排不是正确选择。他同时指出，建设亚太自贸区（FTAAP）是事关亚太长远繁荣的战略举措，要坚定推进FTAAP建设，为亚太开放型经济提供制度保障。

习近平进而强调应辩证看待经济全球化，对症下药，取其精华，去其糟粕。一方面，总体而言经济全球化符合经济规律，符合各方利益；另一方面，经济全球化是一把双刃剑，既为全球发展提供强劲动能，也带来一些新情况新挑战，需认真面对。应积极引导经济全球化发展方向，着力解决公平公正问题，让经济全球化进程更有活力、更加包容、更可持续，增强广大民众的参与感、获得感、幸福感。

习近平主席此番阐述具有深刻的时代背景，因为当今世界正进入多事之秋，出乎多数人预料的“黑天鹅”事件接连不断，如英国脱欧过关、美国大选出现意外，导致鼓吹民粹主义、孤立主义、保护主义和自我中心的反全球化逆流在发达国家蔓延。特朗普当选美国总统，尤其使得世界经济与国际政治变数倍增，前景不明，令人担忧。正是在这个世界发展的关键当口，习近平的讲话直面挑战，迎难而上，引领大势，旗帜鲜明地主张坚持并完善经济全球化。

第二，找对抓手，即“促进互联互通，实现联动发展”。互联互通是释放发展潜力的重要手段，也是实现联动发展的基础前提。要推动建立覆盖整个亚太的全方位、复合型互联互通网络，推动太平洋两岸互联互通建设彼此对接，在更广范围内辐射和带动实体经济发展。要深入落实APEC“北京会议”制定的互联互通蓝图，完善基础设施、制度规章、人员交流三位一体的互联互通架构，确保2025年实现全面联接的目标。自从习近平主席提出“一带一路”倡议以来，已过去三年。他表示欢迎各方参与到“一带一路”合作中来。

第三，重在治本，即“促进改革创新，增强内生动力”。2014年APEC领导人在北京批准《经济创新发展、改革与增长共识》，为亚太地区走创新发展之路指明了方向。今年G20杭州峰会通过《创新增长蓝图》，强调改革创新的重要意义，制定具体行动计划，强调亚太各成员要落实好共识和原则，推进发展方式转变，下决心用改革推进经济结构调整，提高全要素生产率。同时，要加强宏观政策协调，坚定推进结构性改革，强化正面溢出效应。当前正值美联储准备再度加息之际，其加剧新兴经济体资金外逃乃至金融市场波动的负面溢出效应不可不防。

第四，坚守原则，即“促进合作共赢，深化伙伴关系”。伙伴关系是亚太合作的重要纽带，也是共同应对当前挑战的必然选择。要深化“命运共同体”意识，让彼此越走越近而非渐行渐远。要不断提升区域合作的深度和广度，共同搭建平台，共同制定规则，共享发展成果，“绝不应该相互拆台、相互排斥”。

这里针对的是个别亚太国家，如日本。日本挖空心思拉帮结派，对抗与孤立中国的冷战思维、零和思维一直顽固不化。

展望未来，美国等西方大国政治转向使得中国机遇与挑战并存。挑战主要是贸易与投资保护主义上升，针对中国的经贸摩擦与投资阻挠增多。机遇是中国可能提前成为国际自由贸易的引领者，中国牵头的区域合作方案如RCEP等影响增加，围堵中国的TPP则因为美国新政府变卦而影响式微。至于地缘政治与周边安全的影响也是有利有弊。中国将趋利避害，当仁不让，顺势而为，重点联合周边国家与广大新兴经济体，共同致力于维护并完善经济全球化。

As people around the world wonder whether the process of globalization will come to an end and countries will backpedal on globalization, the four points President Xi Jinping made in his speech at the APEC CEO Summit in Lima, Peru, showed the correct way forward.

First, it shows the direction, i.e. “promoting economic integration, building open economies”. Openness is the lifeline of Asia-Pacific economies. The Asia-Pacific must deal with such challenges as “fragmentation” in regional economic cooperation, make sure all “regional trade arrangements” gain broad support, and adhere to “openness, inclusiveness, universal benefits, and win-win outcomes”. It should build a framework of regional cooperation featuring “equal consultation, joint participation, and universal benefits”. “Closed and exclusive arrangements” are not correct choices. It pointed out building the FTAAP is a “strategic measure” regarding the Asia-Pacific's long-term prosperity, and the move will provide institutional guarantee for the openness of Asia-Pacific economies.

Xi thus emphasized the importance of a dialectical perspective in evaluating economic globalization, proposing to “keep its essence and discard its dregs”. On one hand, economic globalization “generally” conforms to economic laws, and is in all parties' interests; on the other hand, it is a “double-edged sword” that at the same time brings new challenges. It is important to “actively guide” economic globalization, strive to resolve problems concerning “fairness and justice”, make the process “more vigorous, inclusive, and more sustainable”, increasing people's “sense of participation, gain, and happiness”.

Xi's statement has a profound historical background: The world has entered an eventful period, constant “black swan” incidents like the Brexit and the “surprise” outcome of the US presidential campaign have spread the counter-currents of populism, isolationism, protectionism and the self-centric “anti-globalization” campaigns in developed nations. Donald Trump's election as the next US president in particular has added considerable uncertainties to world economy and politics. Xi's proposal to stick to and improve globalization is significant at such a “hinge moment”.

Second, Xi identifies a “handle”, i.e. “facilitating interconnectivity, realizing coordinated development”. His proposal would promote construction of an interconnected network that is all-round, comprehensive and covers the entire Asia-Pacific, and dovetail interconnectivity regimes on both sides of the Pacific, boosting real economic development on a broader scale. It aims to implement the interconnectivity blueprint put forward in the 2014 APEC “Beijing Consensus”, improve the corresponding framework for infrastructure, rules and personnel exchange, and ensure fulfilling the goal of all-round connectivity by 2025.

Third, it accentuates treating root causes, i.e. “promoting reform and innovation, strengthening endogenous dynamics”. From the 2014 APEC leaders meeting in Beijing to the G20 leaders meeting in Hangzhou this year, countries have not only embraced reform and innovation as new drivers of development, but have made concrete action plans. Xi's speech calls on all Asia-Pacific countries to “implement well” such consensuses and principles, promote development mode transition, facilitate economic structural adjustments with reform, and raise total factor productivity, enhancing macro policy coordination and “positive spillover effects”.

Fourth, it emphasizes adherence to principles, i.e. “promoting win-win cooperation, deepening partnership”. Partnership is an inevitable choice for the Asia-Pacific to jointly cope with current challenges. Countries should deepen the sense of “community of shared destiny”, constantly raise width and depth of regional cooperation, build platforms, make rules and enjoy fruit of development together, “absolutely not undermine each other, exclude each other”.

He was referring to a small number of Asia-Pacific countries, like Japan, who have been bogged down in “Cold War” and “Zero-Sum Game” thinking, and racking their brains to gang up and confront or “isolate” China.

The US and major Western powers' “political turn” brings both opportunities and challenges to China. The main challenge is the rise of trade and investment protectionism, resulting in increasing frictions and impediments in foreign trade and overseas investment. The main opportunity is that China may become the leader of international free trade earlier than anticipated, and China-led regional cooperation schemes, such as the RCEP, thus becomes more influential. The TPP, on the other hand, appears on the decline with the US changing its mind about embracing it. Their subsequent impacts on geo-political and security conditions are also mixed. China will assume its due responsibilities and focus on rallying neighboring countries and emerging economies to improve economic globalization together.