中国官方通讯社新华社报道说，去年超过40%的中国网上商店出售假冒伪劣商品。这让人们对北京当局将会严厉打击困扰中国市场和中美商业关系的山寨现象的希望重燃。

据路透社报道，一份向中国最高立法官员提出的报告称，“去年只有不到59%在线出售的商品是'正版产品或质优产品'”。

“中国一直在努力洗刷盗版和假冒伪劣商品的污名。从iPhone制造商苹果公司，到奢侈品零售商LVMH集团，瞄准中国市场的全球品牌对此一直无比头疼，”路透社报道说。“由于今年再次面临旗下购物平台涉嫌出售假冒商品的压力，中国电子商务巨头阿里巴巴正在美国游说，避免被列入伪冒产品黑名单。”

不过，即使中国最终能较好地管治假冒伪劣产品生产商和分销商，该国家领导人也应该汲取加州的经验，更多地鼓励创新，而不是模仿。

几十年来，加州一直让人联想到，敢冒风险，定有回报。这从中国国家主席习近平不久前访美期间会见西海岸企业家就可窥见一斑。这些企业家在自家的后院创业，进而在华尔街功成名就。因科技而成功的加州梦，如今已经走向全球，让从上海到硅谷的各地未来高技术企业家们心之向往。

今年9月在新加坡举行的米尔肯研究所亚洲峰会上，洛杉矶的米尔肯研究所加利福尼亚中心主任、经济学同行凯文·克劳登和我同与会者分享了美国“金州”（指加州）的几点经验。

克劳登和我认为，科技产业的长期成功，通常不仅要具备创新的能力，还要成为创新的中心。在这方面，中国可以采取措施培育和推动本土创新、鼓励承担风险和成功。与此同时，不歧视非中国的企业。

那么，加州可以向中国，无论北京还是香港特别行政区，提供哪些具体的经验呢？克劳登和我提出以下三点：

第一，中国必须致力于发展优秀的研究型大学。世界一流的研究机构既能培养技术型人才，也能推动基础技术与研究的共享。根据上海发表的世界大学学术排名，2015年，世界前20所研究型大学中美国占了16所。

令人称奇的是，这16所大学，有6所是在加州，其中包括居第二位的斯坦福大学、居第18位的旧金山加大。在前7所大学中有3所是在旧金山地区，两所在洛杉矶一带，一所在圣迭戈。在排名前100的研究型大学中，有11所是在加州。

相比之下，亚洲排名最高的研究型大学是东京大学，排在第21位。没有非日本的大学进入前100名。这种情况正在改变，加州的大学也知道自己不能吃老本。但在此期间，出于对国际学生的需要，包括许多加州大学在内的美国学校，教育出了亚洲一些最成功的企业家。

第二，克劳登和我认为，中国必须接受失败，不是把失败当成终结，而是把失败当成成功的手段。也许加州最重要的经验和优势之一，就是企业家失败后重新振作的能力。据估计，大约三分之二的硅谷初创企业撑不过五年，还未等到上市就失败了。

那为什么还会有这么多的初创公司呢？一个相当常见的原因，是开过公司的这些人都愿意并且能够再次尝试。加州许多企业成功的重要因素，是具备失败与学习的能力。

即使是更知名的公司，如苹果、谷歌和英特尔等，其兴旺发展的部分原因，也是不断抓住小型创新者带来的机会，从而使自己壮大。一度,雅虎公司最大一笔所谓的横财来自它在阿里巴巴的股份，第二大一笔也许来自它的日本合资公司。

第三，中国必须发展创业融资。据估计，全世界高达50%的风险投资活动都会流经加州。在不同阶段吸引重要的投资者，对加州成功播下技术创新种子产生了重要作用。克劳登和我相信，中国必须进一步采取措施发展创业融资，包括改变政策和监管。

即使亚洲最成功的初创企业，也发现自己更容易进入美国资本市场，来继续自我拓展。阿里巴巴在纽约证交所一鸣惊人地上市就是一个例子。

在美国，在促进金融市场的理解、更多地获得资本、加强与深化金融市场、发展创新的金融解决方案以应对美国经济持续增长所面临的挑战方面，人们正越来越多地形成共识。

在他的非小说类丛书《十个词汇里的中国》当中，中国当代著名作家余华在“山寨”一章里直接展示了中国所面临的创新挑战。出版方克诺夫双日集团形容他描述了“盗版与抄袭作为一种创造性的新革命行为不断升级的趋势”。

相比之下，在另一种真正的革命中，美国技术产业创造出远远超越了硅谷的成功故事。如今美国高技术产业同样的重塑与扩张，让太平洋两岸的人们正好做起了加州梦，可以理解其中也包括中国。然而，对于中国的梦想来说，要像硅谷那样成功和加强中美关系，现在的关键是北京的决策者要着手培育创业生态系统，推进创新而非山寨的水平。

When China's official news agency Xinhua reported that more than 40 percent of goods sold online in China last year were either of bad quality or outright counterfeits, hope returned yet again that Beijing authorities would crack down on a problem that has plagued the Chinese market place and China-U.S. commercial relations.

According to Reuters, China's top lawmakers were told in a report that “just under 59 percent of items sold online last year were 'genuine or of good quality.'”

“China has been trying to shake off a notoriety for pirated and counterfeit goods, long a major headache for global brands targeting the Chinese market from iPhone maker Apple Inc to luxury retailer LVMH,” said the Reuters report. “Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding Ltd,” it added, “has been lobbying to stay off a U.S. blacklist for fakes after coming under renewed pressure this year over suspected counterfeits sold on its shopping platforms.”

Yet, even should China finally move to better police both the makers and the distributors of counterfeit and shoddy products, the nation's leaders could also take a page from California's experiences and do more to seek to spur innovation, rather than imitation.

California has been associated with the rewards of risk taking for decades. That no doubt was underscored when China President Xi Jinping traveled to the United States recently, meeting with backyard West Coast entrepreneurs who have long since been transformed into Wall Street boardroom successes. Those California dreams of tech success have since gone global, capturing the imaginations of would-be tech entrepreneurs everywhere, whether in Shanghai or Silicon Valley.

At the recent Milken Institute Asia Summit held this September in Singapore, Kevin Klowden, an economist colleague and managing director of the Milken Institute California Center in Los Angeles, and I shared several lessons from America's “Golden State.”

As Klowden and I argued, long-term success in tech typically includes the ability to not only improve upon, but also to be at the center of innovation. Here, China can take steps to nurture and boost homegrown innovations, risk-taking, and successes – and do so without discriminating against non-Chinese companies.

So what specific lessons does California offer up to China, whether for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or Beijing? Here are three from Klowden and me.

First, China must commit to developing great research universities – world-class institutes that will both train skilled individuals and advance the sharing of basic research and technology. According to the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, 2015, the United States is home to 16 of the top 20 world research universities.

Of those 16, an astonishing six are in California, ranging from Stanford University at No. 2, to the University of California, San Francisco, at No. 18. Three of the top seven are in the San Francisco area, two from around Los Angeles, and one in San Diego. Of the top 100 research universities, 11 are in California.

In contrast, Asia's highest-ranking research university is the University of Tokyo at No. 21. No non-Japanese university in Asia makes the top 100. This situation is changing, and California-based universities know that they too cannot rest on their laurels. In the interim, in their desire for international students, U.S. institutions, including many from California, also have educated some of the most successful entrepreneurs in Asia.

Second, Klowden and I argue that China must embrace failure – not as an end, but as a means to success. Perhaps one of the most important lessons and strengths of California is the ability of its entrepreneurs to fail and try again. By some accounts, two-thirds of Silicon Valley startups do not last five years, failing ever to make it to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) stage.

So, why do there continue to be so many startups? One reason is that, quite often, the same people who started one company are willing and able to try again. The ability to fail and learn is a significant factor in many companies' successes in the state.

Even the more established firms, including Apple, Google and Intel among others, have thrived in part by continuing to take chances on small innovators, who then made it big. At one point, Yahoo's single greatest windfall arguably came from its stake in Alibaba, and its second greatest, perhaps its joint venture in Japan.

Third, China must move to innovate the financing of start-ups. By some accounts, up to 50 percent of all venture capital activity in the world flows through California. The access to significant investors at numerous different stages plays a significant role for California's success in seeding tech innovation. Klowden and I believe that China must take further steps to develop this resource, including policy and regulatory changes.

Even the most successful Asia start-ups have found it easier to access U.S. capital markets to further their expansion. Alibaba's blockbuster New York Stock Exchange IPO is one example.

In the United States, there is a growing consensus on the value of promoting financial-market understanding and of working to expand access to capital, strengthen and deepen financial markets, and develop innovative financial solutions to the ongoing challenges to America's sustained economic growth.

In his nonfiction book “China in Ten Words,” noted Chinese contemporary writer takes on directly China's innovation challenge in the chapter, “Copycat.” Publisher Knopf Doubleday describes Yu Hua as depicting “the escalating trend of piracy and imitation as a creative new form of revolutionary action.”

In contrast, and in a very real revolution of another kind, the U.S. tech sector has created a success story that has gone well beyond any Silicon Valley roots. That same reinvention and expansion of America's tech industry now has people rightly California dreaming, on both sides of the Pacific, including understandably in China. For the China dream, however, to include Silicon Valley-style success and strengthened China-US ties, the key now is for Beijing policy makers to foster an entrepreneurial ecosystem to create consistent levels of innovation vs. imitation.